Free 186 More Best Homemade Tools eBook:  
Get tool plans

User Tag List

Page 1 of 2 1 2 LastLast
Results 1 to 10 of 12

Thread: Makers’ marks

  1. #1
    Supporting Member Philip Davies's Avatar
    Join Date
    Dec 2015
    Location
    Reading, Berks, UK
    Posts
    915
    Thanks
    1,250
    Thanked 1,048 Times in 354 Posts

    Philip Davies's Tools

    Makers’ marks

    Makers’ marks-image.jpg

    I have been intrigued by the purpose of makers’ marks for over 30 years. Carpenters’ marks were discussed a lot in the early days of the Carpenters’ Fellowship. People would find curious incisions in medieval timber frames, say, on the lintel above a hearth. This would be described “apotropaic” ie protection against witchcraft, but to my mind they might equally have been the marks of the men who built it, as a kind of celebration, like topping-out. (One example above, reproduced in the Fellowship’s “Mortise & Tenon”
    I read somewhere that in some trades, masons especially, their mark had to be proven. Now what does this mean? Probably that the apprentice or journeyman has reached an acceptable standard to be received into the guild. But I have also read that their mark had to be geometrically proven, with compasses and straightedge, in the way that a theorem must be proven, so that the candidate’s mark also demonstrates competence in geometry, well, a mason would have to, wouldn’t he? This idea I seem to have derived from a novel by Alan Garner, “The Stone Book Quartet”.
    These traditions have largely died out, but if anybody knows anything about them, please let us know.
    I have a mark, but nobody authorised it. It was a persistent doodle, and it stuck. But it is a regular geometric pattern, not a star, but similar!

    186 More Best Homemade Tools eBook

  2. The Following 2 Users Say Thank You to Philip Davies For This Useful Post:

    baja (Sep 10, 2019), Toolmaker51 (Sep 7, 2019)

  3. #2
    Supporting Member Frank S's Avatar
    Join Date
    Aug 2015
    Location
    Peacock TX
    Posts
    11,622
    Thanks
    2,178
    Thanked 9,118 Times in 4,364 Posts

    Frank S's Tools
    The geometrically proven mark served much like a trade mark does today. Another tradesmen might make a mark which looked almost identical but once examined it would be found out not to be the mark of the master whose mark had been proven. This copy tradesmen may not have known of the other's mark and his may be a proven mark as well thereby having his name in the journal along with his mark. Otherwise if he was less than an upstanding tradesmen and he was trying to capitalize on another master's work, much the same way counterfeiters tried and more often failed to recreate an exact reproduction of a secrete identifying mark on a painting or bank note only the original master or the records keepers knew the true geometric dimensions of the marks. he would eventually be exposed as a fraud.

    2,000+ Tool Plans
    Never try to tell me it can't be done
    When I have to paint I use KBS products

  4. The Following 2 Users Say Thank You to Frank S For This Useful Post:

    Philip Davies (Sep 7, 2019), Toolmaker51 (Sep 7, 2019)

  5. #3
    Supporting Member Philip Davies's Avatar
    Join Date
    Dec 2015
    Location
    Reading, Berks, UK
    Posts
    915
    Thanks
    1,250
    Thanked 1,048 Times in 354 Posts

    Philip Davies's Tools
    Thanks, Frank, this is a very plausible explanation.
    If anybody copies my work, I should be flattered. It’s not likely to occur. And I can’t remember the geometry, either!

  6. #4
    Supporting Member mklotz's Avatar
    Join Date
    Aug 2015
    Location
    LA, CA, USA
    Posts
    3,515
    Thanks
    362
    Thanked 6,548 Times in 2,156 Posts

    mklotz's Tools
    So, a maker's mark could not include a regular septagon or nonagon (7 or 9 sides) since it's mathematically provable that neither of those figures could be constructed with only compass and straightedge.

    A brief diversion from my mathematical bag of tricks...

    Everyone knows that a regular hexagon can be easily constructed in a circle using only a compass and a straightedge. With the compass set to the radius of the circle, simply walk it around the circle striking off points on the circumference. There will be exactly six points. Connect these points with straight lines and the result will be a regular hexagon.

    This raises the question of what other regular polygons can be constructed using only compass and straightedge? Obviously, three and four sides are easy and we know from above that six is possible. What about five or seven?

    Karl Friederich Gauss, the German mathematical prodigy and genius, solved the generalized problem. He proved that a regular n-gon can be constructed with compass and straightedge if n is the product of a power of 2 and any number of *distinct* Fermat primes (including none).

    A Fermat prime is a Fermat number of the form

    Fk = 2^(2^k)+1

    that is also a prime. The known Fermat primes are:

    k Fk

    0 3
    1 5
    2 17
    3 257
    4 65537

    Not all Fermat numbers are prime. The list above includes all the currently known Fermat primes. For example, for n = 5, we have the Fermat number 4,294,967,297 which has the factors 641 and 6,700,417 and so is not prime.

    Also, the restriction to *distinct* primes is important. A 9-sided polygon cannot be constructed. 9 has prime factors 3*3 and, while 3 is a Fermat prime, ALL the factors of 9 must be DISTINCT Fermat primes for it to be constructible.

    So, based on the above, a regular septagon cannot be constructed, but a pentagon can.
    ---
    Regards, Marv

    Experience is always far worse than pessimism

  7. #5
    Supporting Member Toolmaker51's Avatar
    Join Date
    Feb 2016
    Location
    Midwest USA
    Posts
    5,334
    Thanks
    7,044
    Thanked 3,011 Times in 1,900 Posts

    Toolmaker51's Tools
    While I don't think this qualifies a maker's mark. . .it does identify a carpenter. My house was completed in 1902. Behind an original bathroom mirror is "E Jenkins 1902" scratched into the wood panel backing of the frame stiles. I'm certain this mark was made with point of a nail or scratch awl. Not being guild or union member, I don't think I've come across anything distinct as a provable mark.
    Maker marks are common for silver & goldsmiths, some glass makers, tailors and others in custom 'bespoke' works, typically ornate stamps. Rare for production items unless further embellished, such as firearm engravings. They tended to use their name, ie Gustave Young, Felix Funken, or greatest of all Czesław Słania.
    Sincerely,
    Toolmaker51
    ...we'll learn more by wandering than searching...

  8. #6
    Supporting Member Philip Davies's Avatar
    Join Date
    Dec 2015
    Location
    Reading, Berks, UK
    Posts
    915
    Thanks
    1,250
    Thanked 1,048 Times in 354 Posts

    Philip Davies's Tools
    Makers’ marks-image.jpg
    Here’s one method, not fully accurate, of constructing a pentagon. There is another method, using only 2 instruments, which I can’t find at present. If interested, I’ll draw it for you.
    This method uses a square piece of paper.
    Makers’ marks-image.jpg

    Here’s a way to construct a heptagon, using 7 equal length rods. The page shows a less accurate method of construction, using a cord.Makers’ marks-image.jpg

    Here’s an enneagon:
    Makers’ marks-image.jpg

    These diagrams are from a book by Miranda Lundy, entitled “sacred geometry”. Your knowledge of maths, far exceeds mine, Marv

  9. The Following 2 Users Say Thank You to Philip Davies For This Useful Post:

    bruce.desertrat (Sep 9, 2019), Toolmaker51 (Sep 8, 2019)

  10. #7
    Supporting Member mklotz's Avatar
    Join Date
    Aug 2015
    Location
    LA, CA, USA
    Posts
    3,515
    Thanks
    362
    Thanked 6,548 Times in 2,156 Posts

    mklotz's Tools
    This is a nice visual of one of the construction methods using only compass and straightedge...

    http://www.mathopenref.com/constinpentagon.html

    There are a few instances of the use of pentagons in metalworking fields. Pentagonal valve actuators on fire hydrants are commonly used to prevent tampering and many police shields are five-pointed.

    The only septagonal item I've encountered is seven-pointed police shields. Some jurisdictions seem sensitive about offending Jews by using an hexagonal form.
    ---
    Regards, Marv

    Experience is always far worse than pessimism

  11. The Following User Says Thank You to mklotz For This Useful Post:

    Toolmaker51 (Sep 8, 2019)

  12. #8
    Supporting Member Frank S's Avatar
    Join Date
    Aug 2015
    Location
    Peacock TX
    Posts
    11,622
    Thanks
    2,178
    Thanked 9,118 Times in 4,364 Posts

    Frank S's Tools
    I had a set of hubcaps for a ford that had 7 faux lug nut protrusions they drove people crazy trying to figure out when Ford started using a 7 lug pattern on their trucks
    Never try to tell me it can't be done
    When I have to paint I use KBS products

  13. #9
    Supporting Member MountainMan's Avatar
    Join Date
    Jul 2018
    Location
    Conway,SC
    Posts
    63
    Thanks
    72
    Thanked 85 Times in 20 Posts

    MountainMan's Tools
    Quote Originally Posted by Frank S View Post
    I had a set of hubcaps for a ford that had 7 faux lug nut protrusions they drove people crazy trying to figure out when Ford started using a 7 lug pattern on their trucks
    I think I owned the same set it was for my ford econoline work van. I bought them off ebay for like $40 for the set. I opened the box and I immediately noticed 7 lugs. They must of been a factory mistake
    Dave
    "I have not failed...I've just found 10,000 ways that wont work"
    Thomas Edison

  14. #10
    Supporting Member mklotz's Avatar
    Join Date
    Aug 2015
    Location
    LA, CA, USA
    Posts
    3,515
    Thanks
    362
    Thanked 6,548 Times in 2,156 Posts

    mklotz's Tools
    Here's a simple way to construct an approximate heptagon...



    The true length of one side of a heptagon inscribed in a circle of radius R is given by:

    C = 2 * R * SIN (180/7)

    which for the unit circle (R = 1) evaluates to 0.86777

    In the video he constructs the line labeled QM and uses that for the pentagon side. The length of QM can be found by noting that QO = R and MO = R/2, so:

    QM = SQRT ( R^2 - R^2/4) = R * SQRT (3/4) = R * 0.5 * SQRT (3)

    which for R = 1 evaluates to 0.86603

    Close, but not perfect. Gauss' conclusions are not threatened.
    Last edited by mklotz; Nov 7, 2019 at 11:41 AM.
    ---
    Regards, Marv

    Experience is always far worse than pessimism

  15. The Following 2 Users Say Thank You to mklotz For This Useful Post:

    Frank S (Nov 7, 2019), Philip Davies (Nov 7, 2019)

Thread Information

Users Browsing this Thread

There are currently 1 users browsing this thread. (0 members and 1 guests)

Bookmarks

Posting Permissions

  • You may not post new threads
  • You may not post replies
  • You may not post attachments
  • You may not edit your posts
  •